this city is contagious

define the term - protocol ;
the rules that determine the format and transmission of data between computers

what are the following protocols used for ?
TCP/Ip ; Transmition Control Protocal is the basic communication language or protocol of the internet to send packets of data safely
http; Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the protocol for transfer of web pages. it defines how the browser should respond to some commands
smtp; Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. the protocol used for sending e-mail messages.

what does GUI stand for? What was used before GUI?
Graphic User Interface. &&

there are two methods of data transmissions - serial and parallel. explain the difference between them.

in parallel transmission, multiple bits are sent simultaneously on different channels within the same cable, or radio path, and synchronized to a clock. Parallel devices have a wider data bus than serial devices and are able to transfer data in words of one or more bytes at a time.
in serial tranmissionn bits are sent sequentially on the same channel which reduces costs for wire but also slows the speed of transmission.

define the term URL. explain the components that make up the url.
Uniform Resource Locator
the first part of the address is called the protocol identifer and it indicates what protocol to use.
the second part is called a resource name and it specifies the IP address or the domain name where the resource is located.

in the context of data transmissions, what is error dection? name and exxplain one common method of error dection?
The detection of errors. It is a class of techniques for a computer to detect funny messages that have gone all funny and garbled. A common method is checksum. Each message is transmitted with a number in a formula and the recieveing place puts that same formula in to get that number. If it the same then there has been no funny mixed up messages being sent.

what is HTML and explain why it is important ?
Hyper Text Markup Language. It is important because it is the coding used to make web documents as it defins the structure and layout of the document as well as the content